GARY SNYDER'S POETRY: A STUDY OF THE FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF HIS ENLIGHTENED VISION (SNYDER GARY, ZEN BUDDHISM)  작성자 : JYAN-LUNG, LIN  작성일자 : 1992년  소속대학교 : MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY  초서론 : Since the appearance of Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums (1958) and Alan Watts' Beat Zen Square Zen and Zen (1959), Gary Snyder's poetic reputation has increased dramatically. His books received sympathetic and serious criticism in the 1960's from such important poet-critics as Kenneth Rexroth and Robert Bly. In the last two decades at least three full-length studies of Snyder's mind and art have been published. More recently, a number of critics have attempted to explicate his esoteric allusions to Zen Buddhist thought. Yet no critical study of Snyder's poetry presenting his spiritual development as well as the transforming visions that come with his Buddhist enlightenment has been written. My study makes a start. In discussing Snyder's poetry, I rely on Zen methodology while placing his work within American literary tradition, dating back to Emerson, which seeks new sources of inspiration from the Orient. The introductory chapter looks briefly at Snyder's life from a chronological perspective, which includes his direct contact with Zen Buddhism and Oriental literature. The second chapter contains an introduction to Zen Buddhism and poetry in that tradition, and a discussion of Snyder's poetics--his imagism grounded on the principle of Zen aesthetics and his elliptical style suitable for expressing the inexpressible. In the third chapter, I examine his holistic vision of the phenomenal and the noumenal. The fourth chapter reveals the process of his spiritual development from self-examination to an exercise of social wisdom. The fifth chapter deals with his transforming visions, suggested by his sense of humour, his daily activities, and the unique Zen moods underlying his poetry. In the final chapter, I evaluate Snyder's poetry and make some comments concerning its contribution to American literature as well as to the ecology movement. Snyder's best work stems from his vision of an integrated and unified world. It not only influences poets but attempts to create in the reader a change of consciousness. His Zen Buddhist insights presented through sensuous images are the source of a poetry of incredible power and beauty. He has learned from the Orient a poetry of spontaneity and startling originality which expands the range and depth of a literary tradition deeply rooted in the American past.   <현대불교미디어센터 ⓒ 2006>